Asthma
Asthma is a condition in which a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow, potentially swollen and produce extra mucous which makes it difficult to breathe. Asthma flare ups usually relates to spasm of the airways and can occur slowly (over hours, days or even weeks) or very quickly (over minutes). 1 in 9 people in Australia have asthma and almost 40,000 Australians were hospitalized in 2017-18. It is believed that about 80% of asthma hospitalisations are preventable.
Asthma affects people of all ages. The causes are not entirely understood, although risk factors include a family history of asthma, eczema and hay fever. There is also some evidence that environmental factors such as workplace chemicals and cigarette smoking can lead to asthma.
Symptoms of asthma include:- Breathlessness
- Wheeze
- Chest tightness
- Cough
There is no single test of asthma. Some of the tests that your doctor may arrange to confirm the diagnosis includes blood tests, spirometry (lung function testing) and allergy testing. Asthma is a manageable condition and people with asthma can live a full and uninhibited life not affected by its symptoms. There is a wide range of asthma medications. Inhalers are usually differentiated into two main categories – relievers and preventers.
Relievers relax tight airways and are usually used when someone develops symptoms. Relievers usually work within minutes but do not last for a long period of time.
Preventers usually work more slowly, over days to weeks; with the aim to relax the airway, reduce airway swelling and mucous production. It is recommended that preventers are used daily (as prescribed) regardless of whether someone is feeling good or bad.
There are also other medications that can be prescribed for asthma which should be discussed with a respiratory specialist. All asthma patients should also have an action plan which should help people recognize when their asthma symptoms are getting worse, adjust reliever and preventer medication and know when to seek additional medical help.
